Communication,collaboration and contagion: “Virtualisation” of anatomy during COVID‐19

COVID‐19 has generated a global need for technologies that enable communication, collaboration, education and scientific discourse whilst maintaining physical distance. University closures due to COVID‐19 and physical distancing measures disrupt academic activities that previously occurred face‐to‐face. Restrictions placed on universities due to COVID‐19 have precluded most conventional forms of education, assessment, research and scientific discourse. Anatomists now require valid, robust and easy‐to‐use communication tools to facilitate remote teaching, learning and research. Recent advances in communication, video conferencing and digital technologies may facilitate continuity of teaching and research activities. Examples include highly‐interactive video conferencing technology, collaborative tools, social media and networking platforms. In this narrative review, we examine the utility of these technologies in supporting effective communication and professional activities of anatomists during COVID‐19 and after.     

PBL联合PDG在临床医学系高年级医学生中的应用

目的研究以问题为导向的教学方法(PBL)联合问题—讨论—指导(PDG)教学模式在临床医学系高年级医学生培养中的应用效果。方法选取2018年1月—2019年1月临床医学系高年级医学生134例,按随机数字表分为对照组(67例)与研究组(67例),对照组学生采用传统的教学模式,研究组学生采用PBL联合PDG教学模式,比较两组学生理论考试成绩、教学质量与教学效果评分。结果研究组学生的总成绩、教学质量优良率、教学效果各项评分均显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论在临床医学系高年级医学生培养中应用PBL联合PDG教学模式,可以有效提高学生对理论知识的掌握与教学效果,提高教学质量。     

Time-interval to adjuvant chemotherapy and postoperative management after upper abdominal surgical procedures in advanced ovarian cancer

IntroductionIn advanced epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC), longer time-interval from surgery to initiation of adjuvant chemotherapy (TITC) is associated with decreased survival. Adding upper abdominal surgical procedures (UAP) increases rates of both complete gross resection and postoperative complications in EOC. Our objective was to investigate the association of UAP and TITC. Moreover, if specific postoperative monitoring after the most prevalent UAP increases early detection and management of complications.Material and methodsWomen diagnosed with EOC 2014–2016 in the Stockholm/Gotland Region in Sweden were identified in the Swedish Quality Registry for Gynaecologic Cancer. The association between UAP and TITC was investigated by multivariable linear regression and adjusted for predefined confounders. The follow-up and detection of postoperative complications after diaphragm resection, splenectomy and cholecystectomy was examined.Results240 women were selected for analysis. The TITC in women subjected to UAP was similar with a median of 30 days (p = 0.99). Moreover, despite a higher rate of postoperative and major complications (p < 0.001) and longer hospital stay (p < 0.001), in the adjusted analysis there was no association between UAP and prolonged TITC, with a mean difference of −2.27 days (95% Confidence Interval (CI), −5.99 to −1.45, p = 0.23). After the most prevalent UAP (diaphragm resection, splenectomy and cholecystectomy), eventual postoperative interventions were based on routine clinical management rather than procedure-specific postoperative surveillance.ConclusionUAP does not prolong TITC despite an increased rate of postoperative complications and longer length of hospital stay. Clinical non-specific surveillance is sufficient to detect postoperative complications after the most prevalent UAP.     

Epileptogenic modulation index and synchronization in hypsarrhythmia of West syndrome secondary to perinatal arterial ischemic stroke

ObjectivePerinatal arterial ischemic stroke (PAIS) is associated with epileptic spasms of West syndrome (WS) and long term Focal epilepsy (FE). The mechanism of epileptogenic network generation causing hypsarrhythmia of WS is unknown. We hypothesized that Modulation index (MI) [strength of phase-amplitude coupling] and Synchronization likelihood (SL) [degree of connectivity] could interrogate the epileptogenic network in hypsarrhythmia of WS secondary to PAIS.MethodsWe analyzed interictal scalp electroencephalography (EEG) in 10 WS and 11 FE patients with unilateral PAIS. MI between gamma (30–70 Hz) and slow waves (3–4 Hz) was calculated to measure phase-amplitude coupling. SL between electrode pairs was analyzed in 9-frequency bands (5-delta, theta, alpha, beta, gamma) to examine inter- and intra-hemispheric connectivity.ResultsMI was higher in affected hemispheres in WS (p = 0.006); no differences observed in FE. Inter-hemispheric SL of 3-delta, theta, alpha, beta, gamma bands was significantly higher in WS (p < 0.001). In WS, modified Z-Score of intra-hemispheric SL values in 3-delta, theta, alpha, beta and gamma in the affected hemispheres were significantly higher than those in the unaffected hemispheres (p < 0.001) as well as 0.5–4 Hz (p = 0.004).ConclusionsThe significantly higher modulation in affected hemisphere and stronger inter- and intra-hemispheric connectivity generate hypsarrhythmia of WS secondary to PAIS.SignificanceEpileptogenic cortical-subcortical transcallosal networks from affected hemisphere post-PAIS provokes infantile spasms.     

骨质疏松性骨折诊疗误区与“三位一体”骨修复策略

骨质疏松性骨折已经成为威胁我国老年人群健康的重大社会问题。相对于普通骨折,骨质疏松性骨折存在骨质量低下、骨缺损严重和骨愈合缓慢等难题,其治疗与康复具有相当难度,针对当前骨质疏松性骨折临床诊疗的主要问题,“三位一体”骨修复策略强调积极抗骨质疏松、合理骨植入和加速骨愈合观念。笔者重点总结骨质疏松性骨折的诊疗误区和修复策略?期望降低不良预后的发生,同时推进骨质疏松性骨折的临床规范化治疗,进一步改善患考的诊疗效果和生活质量。